Elections 2022: What are the party federations and what is the difference between them and the coalitions

The party federations are in a new form of the parties will come together to dispute the elections and will act in a unified way for the next four years. They were created in September 2021, in an electoral reform approved by the National Congress, and will end up being referred by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and by the Supreme Federal Court (STF) for the 2022 elections.

Until now, three registrations of federations have been approved by the TSE: PT-PCdoB-PV, Rede-PSOL and PSDB-Cidadania.

A CNN met Ricardo Vita Porto, president of the Electoral Law Commission of the OAB (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil) of São Paulo, and Fernando Alencastro, judicial secretary of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), to explain how the federations function, and what is the difference between them. for the party coalitions.

Or what about the party federations?

The party federation allows two or more parties to act in a unified manner during the elections and in the consequent legislature, and must remain with this union for no minimum of four years. The entity must act, not Parliament, as a single bench, unless the parties have the obligation to merge.

The federations are valid both for the majority election (president of the Republic, governor, senator and prefect) as well as for the proportional one (federal deputy, state and district deputy and vereador).

In order to be registered by the Electoral Justice, the legends must first constitute an association that must be registered in the civil registry of legal persons, with the absolute approval of their regulatory bodies.

The deadline for registering federations is May 31. The participation of the federation in the elections will only be possible if your registration is deferred until the final deadline. Then, the union of the acronyms will be held for an indefinite period, with each one keeping its name, number, affiliates and access to the party fund or electoral fund.

Or what is a partisan coalition?

A coalition is a temporary meeting of political parties to dispute an election. The coalitions have an electoral nature and will be extinguished after the elections. During the lawsuit, they function as if they were a party.

Since 2017, the coalitions for elections provide extinct positions, but they are still allowed for majority positions. The union provides more resources to carry out election campaigns, such as more television time and the possibility of receiving verbs from all affiliated parties.

What is the difference between a coalition and a party federation?

As the coalitions are valid only during the electoral period, in the federation the parties are obliged to unite for four years and act as if they were a single bench.

For Ricardo Vita Porto, this avoids that in the elections you provide or the vote of the voter goes to a party that has very different ideologies. “Parties collude because they do not have a very strong badge and, in some way, they take advantage of two votes directed to the candidates of other political parties. So, as a way to liven up this movement, I was brought up to the federation”, explains Vita Porto.

But there are also semelhanças between the two constitutions. The distribution of two votes among the candidates of the federations occurs in a similar way to that which occurs in the coalitions, as explained by Fernando Alencastro, from TSE.

“As federações fazem with which as votes two parties sejam somadas. If parties A, B and C form a federation, their votes are cast to achieve X non-Legislative seats, which will be distributed among the most voted candidates. If the three most voted, for example, form the same party, they act as vague. They do not need to be distributed among those who form the federation”, he says.

Or what happens if a match is left to the federation?

If a party leaves the party federation, it will not be able to enter another party, and it will also not be able to form a coalition in the next two elections. Além disso, the acronym will be prohibited from using the supporter’s fund until the date foreseen for the end of the federation.

The exception to the rule occurs in the event of a merger or incorporation within the own federation. In the merger, the two legends become a third party. Upon incorporation, a party adds another minor(s) without changing names.

Or what happens if a parliamentarians leave the federation?

An elected parliament can only leave the party and the federation for just cause, whose cases are provided for in the electoral law. Otherwise, or representative will be subject to penalties.

Can a parliamentarian be expelled from the federation?

There are some reasons why a politician can be expelled from his federation. For example, they choose not to follow the guidelines determined by the statute of their party or not to follow party orientation, such as voting according to the caucus in some project. Despite the possibility of being expelled from the federation and the party, this does not imply loss of mandate.

Provision of accounts of the federation

The parties, despite being federated, continue to receive separately or supportive funds.

In the electoral campaign, there may be reviews of the party fund and the electoral fund between the federated parties. The expenses of each party in favor of the federation will be verified in the provision of accounts.

Debate

CNN will hold the first presidential debate of 2022. The confrontation between the candidates will be broadcast live on August 6, on TV and on our digital platforms.

Photos – All the presidents of the history of Brazil

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